- 10 CFR 71, Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material.
Establishes requirements for (a) packaging, preparation for shipping, and
transportation of licensed materials and (b) procedures and standards for NRC
approval of packaging and shipping procedures for fissile material and for a
quantity of other licensed material in excess of a type A quantity.
- 10 CFR 820, Procedural Rules for DOE Nuclear Activities. Sets forth the
procedures to govern the conduct of persons involved in DOE nuclear activities
and, in particular, to achieve compliance with the DOE Nuclear Safety
Requirements by all persons subject to those requirements.
- 10 CFR 830 (draft 8/25/95), Nuclear Safety Management. Governs the conduct
of DOE management and operating contractors and other persons at DOE nuclear
facilities. The rule requires a hazards analysis to determine the category in
which a nuclear facility falls (Category 1, 2, or 3) and then applies a graded
approach to requirements for that facility. Requirements for safety analysis,
unreviewed safety questions, conduct of operations, technical safety
requirements, training and qualification, maintenance management, and
occurrence reporting are established.
- 10 CFR 830.110, Safety Analysis Reports.
- 10 CFR 830.112, Unreviewed Safety Questions.
- 10 CFR 830.310, Conduct of Operations.
- 10 CFR 830.320, Technical Safety Requirements.
- 10 CFR 830.330, Training and Qualifications.
- 10 CFR 830.340, Maintenance Management.
- 10 CFR 830.350, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations.
- 10 CFR 830.120, Nuclear Safety Management, Quality Assurance.
- 10 CFR 835, Occupational Radiation Protection. All exemptions granted to
LLNL for rule 10 CFR 835 will apply to HWM and this set of Necessary and
Sufficient Standards. Establishes radiation protection standards, limits, and
program requirements for protecting individuals from ionizing radiation
resulting from DOE activities.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart B, Radiation Protection Programs. Contains the
requirement for establishing and maintaining a DOE-approved radiation
protection program that includes, but is not limited to, provisions for an
ALARA program and internal audits.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart C, Standards for Internal and External Exposure.
Contains limits for occupational exposure to general employees, the
embryo/fetus, and minors; combining internal and external dose equivalents;
planned special exposures; and concentrations of radioactive material in air.
Also contains instructions for conducting an assessment of radiation exposure
to the skin.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart E, Monitoring in the Workplace. Contains requirements
for monitoring in the general workplace, monitoring individual personnel
exposure, and monitoring for radioactive contamination and its control.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart F, Entry Control Program. Contains requirements for
controlling entry into radiological, high, and very high radiation areas.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart G, Posting and Labeling. Contains general requirements
for posting and labeling of work areas and controlled and radiological areas.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart H, Records. Contains provisions for the establishment
and maintenance of records to document compliance with Part 835. The types of
records include, but are not limited to, those resulting from individual and
workplace monitoring, training, internal audits, and actions taken to maintain
occupational exposures ALARA.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart I, Reports to Individuals. Contains requirements for
reporting radiation exposure data for monitored individuals.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart J, Radiation Safety Training. Contains training
requirements for general employees, radiological workers, and radiological
control technicians.
- 10 CFR 835 Subpart L, Release of Materials and Equipment from Radiological
Areas. Establishes limits for removable and total (fixed plus removable)
surface radioactive contamination levels for the release of materials and
equipment. The actual limits are listed in Appendix D, Surface Radioactivity
Values.
- 10 CFR 834 Chapter IV, Environmental Monitoring Requirements. Provides
requirements for preparation of an Environmental Monitoring Plan that provides
for an effective monitoring program, and specific effluent, groundwater,
surface water, and soil monitoring requirements. This plan will also be
required under 10 CFR 834, when promulgated.
- DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment.
Establishes public dose limits, provides effluent discharge limits for
discharge to air, surface water, and sewer, manages and controls radioactive
materials in liquid discharges, and controls to prevent surface contamination
that may ultimately lead to groundwater contamination and contamination of the
sewer system. Environmental ALARA and best available treatment requirements in
DOE Order 5400.5 provide a mechanism for controlling and managing releases of
radioactive material to workers and members of the public.
- DOE Radiological Control Manual, DOE/EH-0256T, Rev. 1,
April 1994, Table 2.2, values for tritium external surface contamination
limits. These values for tritium are included in the set of standards because
10 CFR 835 does not address external contamination limits for tritium. All
exemptions granted to LLNL for rule 10 CFR 835 will apply to HWM and this set
of Necessary and Sufficient Standards.
- 29 CFR 1910.107, Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials.
Parts of this section provide for the proper electrostatic controls needed
during these operations.
- 29 CFR 1910.137, Electrical Protective Devices. Contains requirements for
the design, markings, in-service care and use, and testing of personal
protective equipment used for electrical work.
- 29 CFR 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout). Covers the
servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment whose unexpected
energization or start-up could cause injury to employees.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S, Electrical. Addresses electrical safety requirements
that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees in their
workplaces.
- 29 CFR 1926.66, Criteria for Design and Construction of Spray Booths. Parts
of this standard cover the electrostatic controls needed during these
operations.
- 29 CFR 1926.302 (a), Power Operated Hand Tools. Requires double-insulated
or grounded tools.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart K, Electrical. Addresses electrical safety requirements
that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees involved in
construction work.
- 29 CFR 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout). Covers the
servicing and maintenance of equipment whose unexpected energization or
start-up could cause injury.
- 29 CFR 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks. Contains safety requirements
relating to fire protection, design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks,
tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized
industrial trucks.
- 29 CFR 1910.179, Overhead and Gantry Cranes. Contains safety requirements
relating to the use of overhead and gantry cranes.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and Machine Guarding. Contains
requirements for the proper use and guarding of various machines. Specific
sections are described below:
- 29 CFR 1910.212, General Requirements for All Machines. Contains general
requirements for guarding of all machines.
- 29 CFR 1910.213, Woodworking Machinery Requirements. Contains safety
requirements applicable to woodworking machinery such as saws, shapers,
planners, lathes, sanders, and cutters.
- 29 CFR 1910.215, Abrasive Wheel Machinery. Contains requirements for
abrasive wheel machinery.
- 29 CFR 1910.219, Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus. Contains
requirements for all types of power transmission belts.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand Held
Equipment. Contains requirements for the proper use and guarding of hand and
power tools.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart I, Tools--Hand and Power. Contains requirements for the
use of hand and power tools.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart N, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors.
Contains the requirements for the proper use of cranes, derricks, hoists, and
conveyors.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart O, Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine
Operations (Excluding 1926.605, Marine Operations). Contains the requirements
for the proper use of motor vehicles and mechanized equipment.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces. Provides safety
requirements regarding stairs, ladders, scaffolding, etc.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart F, Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle Mounted
Work Platforms.
- 29 CFR 1910.176, Handling Materials, General. Provides safety requirements
regarding mechanical handling equipment, storage, housekeeping, clearance
limits, and guarding of pits, tanks, etc.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart N, Materials Handling and Storage. Contains
requirements for material handling and storage. Appropriate sections are
described below:
- 29 CFR 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks. Provides safety requirements
relating to fire protection, design, maintenance and use of fork trucks,
tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized
industrial trucks.
- 29 CFR 1910.179, Overhead and Gantry Cranes. Contains safety requirements
relating to the use of overhead and gantry cranes.
- 29 CFR 1910.184, Slings. Provides requirements for slings used in
conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material
by hoisting.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart H, Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal.
Contains requirements for proper materials handling and storage. Appropriate
sections are described below:
- 29 CFR 1926.250, General Requirements for Storage.
- 29 CFR 1926.251, Rigging Equipment for Material Handling.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L, Scaffolding. Contains requirements for the proper
use of scaffolding.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M, Fall Protection. Contains requirements for the
proper use of fall protection.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart N, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors.
- 29 CFR 1926.600 (3)(i), Provides requirements for storage of equipment
suspended or held aloft.
- 29 CFR 1926.602, Material handling equipment. Provides requirements for the
proper use of earth moving equipment.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P, Excavations. Provides requirements for all aspects
of excavation activities.
- 29 CFR 1926 Subpart X, Stairways and Ladders. Provides requirements
regarding the use of all stairways and ladders used in construction,
alteration, repair, and demolition activities.
- 29 CFR 1910.101, Compressed Gases (General Requirements). Provides
requirements relating to the inspection, handling, storage, and utilization of
compressed gas cylinders and requirements for safety relief devices.
- 29 CFR 1910.102 (a), Acetylene Cylinders. Provides requirements relating to
the transfer, handling, storage, and utilization of acetylene in cylinders.
- 29 CFR 1910.103, Hydrogen. Provides detailed requirements covering all
aspects of hydrogen use.
- 29 CFR 1910.104, Oxygen. Provides detailed requirements covering all
aspects of oxygen use.
- 29 CFR 1910.253, Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting. Provides requirements
for the proper use of oxygen-fuel welding and cutting rigs.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart M, Compressed Gas and Compressed Air Equipment.
Provides requirements for compressed air receivers and other equipment used in
providing and utilizing compressed air.
- 29 CFR 1926.306, Air Receivers. Provides requirements for compressed air
receivers and other equipment used in providing and utilizing compressed air
for construction activities.
- 29 CFR 1926.350, Gas Welding and Cutting. Provides requirements for the
proper use of gas welding and cutting rigs.
- 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure.
- 29 CFR 1926.52, Occupational Noise Exposure--Construction Activities.
Establish requirements for protection of employees against the effects of noise
exposure. They establish limits, requirements for a Hearing Conservation
Program, protection attenuation devices, audiometric testing, and noise
measurement.
- 29 CFR 1910.132-138 (Subpart I), Personal Protective Equipment. Establishes
minimum criteria for the selection, maintenance, and use of personal protective
equipment, including protective apparel (gloves, apron, face shield) routinely
used for the handling of cryogenic agents.
- Occupational Safety and Health Act, Section 5 (a)(1). Requires that "(each
employer) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of
employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are
likely to cause death or serious physical harm." The American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a Threshold Limit
Value (TLV) for Cold Stress. The ACGIH's Policy Statement on the Uses of TLVs
and BEIs states that TLVs are developed as guidelines, and not for use as legal
standards they are accepted as such at LLNL.
- Occupational Safety and Health Act, Section 5 (a)(1). OSHA
Technical Manual, Chapter 3 and OSHA Fact Sheet 92-16, Protecting Workers In
Hot Environments. Clearly identify heat stress as a recognized health hazard.
Section 5 (a)(1)requires that "(each employer) shall furnish to each of his
employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized
hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical
harm." OSHA Technical Manual, Chapter 3, patterns heat stress evaluations and
controls following the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for Heat Stress. The ACGIH's
Policy Statement on the Uses of TLVs and BEIs states that TLVs are developed as
guidelines, and not for use as legal standards they are accepted as such at
LLNL.
- 29 CFR 1910 Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Of particular interest
within this are the following:
- 29 CFR 1910.1000, Air Contaminants. Establishes limits for exposures to
airborne chemicals and of chemicals that pose significant dermal absorption
problems.
- 29 CFR 1910.1001-1050, OSHA Expanded Contaminant Standards. Establish
in-depth exposure evaluation and control requirements for chemicals that pose
particular occupational health hazards. Examples of chemicals addressed in
expanded standards are lead, arsenic, cadmium, formaldehyde, benzene,
acrylonitrile, and bis-chloromethyl ether.
- 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication. Defines minimum requirements for
informing employees of workplace chemical hazards and required control measures.
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment. Of particular
interest within this are the following:
- 29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection. Defines minimum requirements for a
respiratory protection program. Case law has made it extremely clear that any
occupational use of respiratory protection triggers the requirements for a
respiratory protection program, which must include elements for the appropriate
selection, use, and maintenance of respirators, and requirements for ensuring
that respirator users are medically qualified, trained, and fitted with
respiratory protection.
- 29 CFR 1910.132, General Requirements. Establishes minimum requirements for
selection and use of eye and face, head, foot, and hand protection, and
requirements for worker training for the use of these devices.
- 29 CFR 1910.141, Sanitation. Establishes minimum requirements for
availability and provisioning of toilet, washing, and changing facilities.
Establishes housekeeping and sanitation standards for all fixed-site
workplaces. Places restrictions on consuming of food and beverages in
workplaces. Requires that potable water be made readily available to employees.
- 29 CFR 1910.151, Medical Services and First Aid. Requires that medical
services or alternative provisions be made for emergencies and that medical
consultation be made available for occupational health concerns. Requires that
eyewashes and showers be provided where injurious materials are
handled.
- 29 CFR 1910 I, Personal Protective Equipment. Establishes minimum criteria
for the selection, maintenance, and use of personal protective equipment
including, but in no way limited to, the eye and face protection commonly used
to protect against radiant energy. For decontamination and remediation
activities outside of the confines of the HWM facilities, equivalent standards
are established in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart E, which is applicable to construction
activities.
- 29 CFR 1910.97, Non-Ionizing Radiation. Establishes limits for whole and
partial body exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
- 29 CFR 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout). Covers the
servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment whose unexpected
energization or start-up could cause injury to employees.
- 29 CFR 1910.141, Sanitation. Establishes minimum requirements for
availability and provisioning of toilet, washing, and changing facilities.
Establishes housekeeping and sanitation standards for all fixed-site
workplaces. Places restrictions on consuming of food and beverages in
workplaces. Requires that potable water be made readily available to employees.
- 29 CFR 1910.1030, Blood borne pathogens. (Does not apply to HWM, as
explained in Section 7.3.9.)
- 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces. Contains requirements for
practices to protect employees in general industry from the hazards of entry
into permit-required confined spaces.
- 29 CFR 1926.21 (b)(6), Safety Training and Education. Contains specific
requirements for providing training/education to employees regarding confined
space entry.
- 29 CFR 1926.352 (g), Fire Prevention. Addresses the use of torches in
confined spaces.
- 29 CFR 1926.353 (b), Ventilation and Protection in Welding, Cutting, and
Heating. Addresses welding, cutting, and heating operations being conducted in
confined spaces.
- 40 CFR 61 Subpart H, National Emission Standards for Emissions of
Radionuclides other than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities. Sets an
effective dose equivalent limit of 10 mrem/yr and governs radionuclide
emissions to air including emissions from all stacks, vents, and diffuse
sources. Also requires that radionuclide emissions be estimated and directs an
evaluation for required air-effluent monitoring. The demonstration of
compliance required by this regulation is modeled at an off-site location where
a member of the public would have the greatest dose. The assumptions used in
the model are worst case and very conservative in order to provide for
protection to the public.
- 40 CFR 403, General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and new Sources
of Pollution. Established to control, through prevention and prohibition, the
introduction of pollutants into publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) which
will interfere with the operation of a POTW, including interference with its
use or disposal of municipal sludge. Also to prevent the introduction of
pollutants into POTWs which will pass through the treatment works or otherwise
be incompatible with such works.
- 40 CFR 405-471, Specific Sanitary Sewer Monitoring and Effluent
Requirements for Regulated Categorical Processes.
- 49 CFR 172.403. Contains requirements for completing and applying
radioactive hazard warning labels for radioactive packages.
- 49 CFR 173.24, 49 CFR 173.24a, and 49 CFR 173.24b. Contain the general
requirements for all hazardous material packages.
- 49 CFR 173.411-431. Contain specific requirements for selection and use of
radioactive material packages.
- 49 CFR 173.441. Contains requirements limiting radiation dose levels for
each package of radioactive material.
- 49 CFR 173.442. Contains requirements limiting heat generation within a
radioactive material package.
- 49 CFR 173.443. Contains requirements limiting removable external
radioactive contamination.
- 49 CFR 173.451-459. Contain specific requirements for packaging,
classification, transportation, and mixing of fissile radioactive materials.
- 49 CFR 173 Subpart G. Provides specific requirements for selection and use
of compressed gas cylinders.
- 49 CFR 177.842. Contain specific loading and unloading requirements for
carriage by highway for radioactive materials.
- 49 CFR 177.842 (d) and (f). Contain specific loading and unloading
requirements for carriage by highway for fissile radioactive materials.
- WIPP WAC 3.2.1. Containers shall be non-combustible and meet DOT Type A
packaging requirements.
- WIPP WAC 3.3.1. Waste materials shall be immobilized if >1% by weight is
particulate material <10 micrometers in diameter, or if >15% by weight is
particulate material <200 micrometers in diameter.
- WIPP WAC 3.3.2. Only residual liquids as a guideline, residual liquid in
well-drained internal containers to be restricted to approximately 1 volume %
of the internal container aggregate amount of residual liquid <1% by weight
in each waste package.
- WIPP WAC 3.3.3. No non-radionuclide pyrophorics permitted. Radionuclides in
pyrophoric form are limited to <1% by weight in each waste package.
- WIPP WAC 3.3.4. No explosives or compressed gases are permitted.
- WIPP WAC 3.3.5. Generators must document procedures for sampling,
analytical protocols, and QA/QC guidelines.
- WIPP WAC 3.3.5. Characteristic ignitable (D001), corrosive (D002), and
reactive (D003) wastes are not acceptable at WIPP.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.3. Waste packages shall not exceed 1000 Ci of Pu-239
equivalent activity.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.4. Drums or boxes shall not exceed 200 mrem/hr surface
reading, or 10 mrem/hr at 2 m.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.5. Removable package surface contamination shall not be
greater than 50 pCi/100 cm2 alpha, and not greater than 450 pCi/100 cm2
beta/gamma.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. All confinement layers, such as bags, shall be closed only
by a twist-and-tape or fold-and-tape method.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. No sealed containers of greater than 1 gallon capacity may
be in the waste.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. Waste packages emplaced in WIPP during the experimental
period shall not exceed 50% of the lower explosive limit in any layer of
confinement for hydrogen or methane (drives the use of filter vents or vent
clips, which release these gases without releasing particles).
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. Total flammable VOCs are limited to 500 ppm in the head
space gas of waste packages.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. All chemicals/materials greater than 1% by weight must be
evaluated for compatibility within the waste form and with TRUPACT-II materials
of construction.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. Concerns real-time-radiography or equivalent examination of
waste packages.
- WIPP WAC 3.4.7. All waste packages shipped in TRUPACT-II shall be vented
with one or more filters that meet specification listed in the TRUPACT-II
SARP.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 A. LLW must have transuranic nuclide concentration less
than 100 nCi/g.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 B. LLW offered for disposal at NTS shall not exhibit any
characteristics of, or be listed as, hazardous waste as identified in
40 CFR 261 (RCRA).
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 C. LLW disposed at NTS shall contain as little free liquids
as is reasonably achievable, but in no case shall the liquid equal or exceed
0.5% by volume of the external waste container.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 D. Fine particulate wastes shall be immobilized so that the
waste package contains no more than 1 weight % of <10 micrometer-diameter
particles, or 15 weight % of <200 micrometer-diameter particles.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 E. LLW gases shall be stabilized or absorbed so that
pressure in the waste package does not exceed 1.5 atmospheres at 20deg.C.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 F. Chemical stability must be documented to show that
significant quantities of harmful gases, vapors, or liquids are not generated.
Wastes shall not react with the packaging during storage, shipping, and
handling time.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 G. LLW containing pathogens, infectious wastes, or other
etiologic agents as defined in 49 CFR 173.386 will not be accepted for disposal
at NTS.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.1 J. LLW containing explosives and/or pyrophoric material in
a form that may spontaneously explode or combust, if the container is breached,
will not be accepted.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.2. Type A packaging shall be designed to meet the
requirements of 49 CFR 173.411.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.2 B. The quantity of fissile radioactive materials shall be
limited so that an infinite array of such packages will remain sub-critical.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.2 D. The external radiation levels for packages shall not
exceed 200 mrem/hr on contact during handling, shipment, and disposal unless
specifically excepted by DOT regulations.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.2 E. Packages shall be within DOT contamination limits upon
receipt at NTS. See 49 CFR 173.433.
- NVO-325 5.5.1.2 F. The activity limits listed in 49 CFR 173.431 shall be
met.
- ANSI/ANS 8.1, 1983, American National Standard for Nuclear Criticality
Safety in Operations with Fissionable Materials Outside Reactors. Provides
guidance for the prevention of criticality accidents in the handling, storing,
processing, and transporting of fissionable material outside nuclear reactors,
except the assembly of these materials under controlled conditions, such as in
critical experiments. Criteria are provided for single-parameter limits for
simple shapes but not for multi-unit arrays. These are presented in a series of
tables and figures to represent the fissile materials in uniform aqueous
solutions, aqueous mixtures, metallic units, or oxides.
- ANSI/ANS 8.15, 1981, American National Standard for Nuclear Criticality
Control of Special Actinide Elements. Provides guidance for the prevention of
criticality accidents in the handling, storing, processing, and transporting of
fourteen actinide elements beginning with 237Np and ending with 251Cf. The
subcritical mass limits are given in Sections 5.1 and 5.2 and the associated
tables.
- ANSI/ANS-8.19, 1984, American National Standard Administrative Practices
for Nuclear Criticality Safety. Provides for safety elements related to
criticality safety. Addresses responsibilities of management, supervision and
nuclear criticality safety staff. Also covers objectives and characteristics of
operating procedures, process evaluation, materials control, and emergency
response.
- ANSI Z136.1, American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers.
- NFPA 55, Standard for the Storage, Use and Handling of Compressed and
Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders. Provides requirements for the proper
storage, use, and handling of compressed and liquefied gases in portable
cylinders for all uses.
- NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC). Provides requirements for all
aspects of electrical installations and equipment.
- LLNL Health and Safety Manual, Section 33.45, Handling of
Sealed Radioactive Sources, and LLNL Health and Safety Supplement 33.45, Hazard
Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources. These standards are included
because 10 CFR 835 does not address control of sealed radioactive sources. All
exemptions granted to LLNL for rule 10 CFR 835 will apply to HWM and
this set of Necessary and Sufficient Standards.
- LLNL ad hoc standard: Either (1) a maximum dose to a person off-site due to
an accidental release of radioactive materials be limited to 1 rem effective
dose equivalent or 5 rem to the thyroid, or (2) an emergency plan for
responding to a release of radioactive material shall be submitted to DOE.
Values used are those identified in 10 CFR 30.32 and/or DOE Emergency
Preparedness Orders.
- LLNL ad hoc standard: A never-to-be-exceeded limit of 25 rem
committed effective dose equivalent at the fence line for worst-case credible
accident calculations. This 25-rem limit corresponds numerically to the
once-in-a-lifetime accidental or emergency dose for radiation workers, which,
according to the NCRP recommendations may be disregarded in the determination
of their radiation exposure status (see NBS Handbook 69, June 5, 1959). This
limit is not intended to imply acceptable limits for emergency doses to the
public rather it is intended to establish a reference value with respect to
potential accidents with exceedingly low probability of occurrence.
- UCAR 10235, Guidelines for Discharges to the Sanitary Sewer System.
Establishes internal discharge limits for wastewater released to the sanitary
sewer. Limits are facility specific and apply to point source
discharges.