BERKELEY, CA -- In the aftermath of
Hurricane Mitch's devastating rampage through Central America, a device
invented at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory is being deployed to disinfect drinking water in areas
ravaged by the storm.
The second-strongest storm to sweep through the western Caribbean since
Hurricane Gilbert in 1988, Mitch left some 10,000 people dead and laid
waste to the economies and infrastructures of Honduras, Nicaragua and El
Salvador. Thousands of more lives are at risk for lack of sanitary
drinking water.
In response, many of the disaster-relief efforts are bringing in
"UV Waterworks," a small, simple device that uses ultraviolet
light to quickly, safely, and cheaply disinfect water of the viruses and
bacteria that cause cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other deadly diseases.
"This device can play an important role in getting clean water to
affected communities throughout the region in the near term,"
Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson said yesterday at a Washington, DC
conference to coordinate federal and private sector relief efforts.
"For the long-term development that is needed, we have experts that
can help with the recovery of the generation of electric power and the
development of new sources of power."
UV Waterworks, which was invented by Ashok Gadgil, a scientist with
Berkeley Lab's Environmental Energy Technologies Division, most often is
used as a source of day-to-day drinking water but it's also ideally suited
for emergency situations.
"Unlike other ultraviolet-based water purifiers, UV Waterworks
does not require pressurized water-delivery systems and electrical
outlets," says Gadgil. "It is designed to rely on gravity for
water flow which means it can be used with any source of water."
Needing electricity only to operate its small UV lamp and automatic
shutoff valve, UV Waterworks can be powered by a car battery or a 60-watt
solar cell. About the size of a microwave oven and weighing seven
kilograms (15 pounds), it can disinfect water at the rate of four gallons
per minute, similar to the flow from a typical American bathtub spout.
Passing water through ultraviolet light inactivates the DNA of pathogens
and purifies the water at a cost of about five U.S. cents for every 1,000
gallons.
In addition to their deployment to the Central American countries hit
by Hurricane Mitch, UV Waterworks devices are extensively used in Mexico
and the Philippines. It is estimated that in Manila alone, several
thousand people now purchase their daily drinking water from vending
stations with UV Waterworks devices. Other countries in which the device
is used include Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and South Africa.
UV Waterworks has won major awards from both Discover and Popular
Science magazines. Earlier this year, the Smithsonian Institute added a UV
Waterworks device to their permanent collection of medical inventions.
This device is currently on display at the National Museum of American
History. The UV Waterworks technology has been licensed to WaterHealth
International, Inc., (WHI) which has been working with Central American
relief organizations in response to the Hurricane Mitch crisis.
Gadgil has been busy designing a "disaster-relief" version of
UV Waterworks with funding from DOE and WHI.
"This version has a pump, a hydrocyclonic separator, and a series
of filters to remove silt, suspended solids, and turbidity from inlet
water which can then be treated with UVWw to produce potable water,"
says Gadgil. "The system can be also configured with a granulated
activated carbon filter to treat waters with low levels of organic
chemical contaminants."
Although this new version of UV Waterworks can not handle
"severe" chemical contamination of the water, it can be used to
treat the soil, mud, and biological contaminants contaminants that are
common in most disaster-relief situations. The research prototype of this
new version of UV Waterworks weighs 100 kilograms (250 pounds) and can
produce more than 5,000 gallons of drinking water daily.
Berkeley Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory located
in Berkeley, California. It conducts unclassified scientific research and
is managed by the University of California.
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