BERKELEY, CA — The Howard Hughes Medical
Institute (HHMI), a philanthropy that is one of the world's leading
biomedical research organizations, will spend $8.05 million for the
construction and operation of two new "superbend" beamlines at
the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of the U.S. Department of Energy's
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). The beamlines will
generate the high-energy or "hard" x-rays that are ideal for
protein crystallography research.
|
BERKELEY LAB'S ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE
|
"The Hughes Institute is pleased to be teaming up with the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory," said Thomas R. Cech, the
president-designate of HHMI who takes office on January 1, 2000. "The
need for more such state-of-the-art facilities is growing because of the
unsurpassed power of x-ray crystallography. The detailed 3-D views of
biomedically important molecules that this technique yields provide a
powerful framework for understanding how molecules function and
interact."
Said Berkeley Lab director Charles V. Shank, "This is the single
largest investment in the ALS ever made by an organization outside of DOE.
It reflects the growing importance of x-ray crystallography as a critical
tool for the biomedical research community and recognizes the success and
promise of the ALS in identifying and characterizing proteins."
As the Human Genome Project approaches completion, the next big steps
are to identify the proteins that human DNA codes for and find out what
those proteins do. The key to understanding a protein's function is to
determine its three-dimensional structure and x-ray crystallography --
using a synchrotron light source like the ALS -– is one of the main
techniques for accomplishing this. In x-ray crystallography, a beam of
x-rays sent through a protein crystal creates a set of diffraction
patterns that can be translated by computer into 3-D images with
atomic-scale resolution.
The ALS houses one of the top experimental facilities in the world for
determining protein crystal structures -- the Macromolecular
Crystallography Facility. Under the leadership of biophysicist and
crystallographer Thomas Earnest, the MCF offers three separate beamlines,
powered by a multipole "wiggler," a magnetic device that can
provide x-rays as high in energy as 14,000 electron volts (keV).
The new "superbends," scheduled for installation in 2001,
will be superconducting magnets that steer the path of an accelerated beam
of electrons around sharper turns than the conventional bend magnets now
deployed. The tighter curvature of the bends will cause the electrons to
emit hard x-rays as opposed to the lower energy "soft x-rays"
extracted from current ALS bend magnets. It is anticipated that the
superbends will yield x-rays as high as 50 keV in energy.
Demand for time on the MCF beamlines is so high now that barely
35-percent of all requests can be filled. With the continuing accumulation
of new genetic data, this demand can only be expected to grow. The
addition of these two new superbend beamlines to the complement of
beamlines at the MCF will help.
"When these superbend beamlines are completed, HHMI researchers
will have 75 percent of the available beam time, but the remaining beam
time will be open to all qualified users," says Earnest.
HHMI, which was founded in 1953, is one of the world’s largest
philanthropies. It conducts biomedical research in its laboratories
located across the United States at academic medical centers, universities
and other scientific institutions. HHMI’s investigators include many of
the world’s leaders in the fields of cell biology, genetics, immunology,
neuroscience, and structural biology. Headquartered just outside of
Washington, D.C., HHMI also has a grants program that supports science
education at every level in the United States, as well as the research of
selected biomedical scientists in other countries.
"The outstanding technical capabilities of the ALS and other
Berkeley Lab facilities will be of increasing value to biologists as the
full impact of the Human Genome Project becomes clear," says Graham
Fleming, director of Berkeley Lab's Physical Biosciences Division.
"The partnership between HHMI and Berkeley Lab in the construction of
the new crystallography beamlines is a marvelous beginning in facilitating
the multidisciplinary interactions that will shape the biology of the 21st
Century."
Berkeley Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory located
in Berkeley, California. It conducts unclassified scientific research and
is managed by the University of California.
Additional Information:
|