Solving a vexing materials obstacle, Materials Sciences Division researchers report they have made an important breakthrough in the effort to build an affordable commercial fuel cell.
Fuel cells, which transform hydrocarbons into electricity without combustion, are highly fuel-efficient and almost nonpolluting. But the cost to build them has been a barrier to broad commercialization. Other than for a few demonstration projects, their use to generate electricity and to power vehicles has not been practical.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have focused on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which have been on the verge of commercial viability for years. Using a deceptively simple ceramic process, they have developed a new thin-film electrolyte that both doubles the power output and significantly reduces the cost of SOFCs.
Said researcher Steve Visco, "We have developed a low-cost means of fabricating a high-performance cell. In one fell swoop, we have increased performance and reduced cost. Undoubtedly, this should accelerate the commercialization of SOFCs."
Visco and division colleagues Selmar de Souza and Lutgard De Jonghe published the details of their work recently in the proceedings of the European Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Forum. Their research is funded by the Department of Energy and the Electric Power Research Institute.
Like other fuel cell types, SOFCs produce electricity by electrochemically combining hydrogen with oxygen. All fuel cells can run on natural gas, but some require that the gas be preprocessed first (reformed), providing a supply of hydrogen to the cell. Some high-temperature cells, like SOFCs, don't require this expensive pretreatment; they can "burn" natural gas directly.
Up until now, SOFCs have been most fuel-efficient operating at 1000 degrees centigrade. Unfortunately, this high temperature increases the cost of materials and decreases the lifetime of the cell. For some years, researchers around the world have been on a quest to drop the operating temperature without sacrificing performance. They have been stumped.
Says de Souza, "SOFCs are solid-state devices. We know how to drop their operating temperature but the problem has been the electrolyte. It conducts ions between electrodes, and when you drop the temperature you lose conductivity (and electrical output drops). One way to deal with this is by making the electrolyte thinner."
Like researchers elsewhere, scientists here have looked for a way to thin down the electrolyte, from a 100 micron film down to about 10 microns. In theory, this should allow the cell to operate at 800 degrees centigrade without any loss in performance. Thinner electrolytes, lower temperatures, cheaper materials -- this has been the recipe for a commercial-grade SOFC.
"Researchers have tried multiple approaches to come up with a thin electrolyte that still is functional," said De Jonghe. "Magnetron sputtering, plasma spray, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical vapor deposition -- any number of expensive, high-tech approaches have not worked out."
Visco, de Souza and De Jonghe hit paydirt with an inexpensive and simple ceramic process. They have devised a technique that doesn't just preserve performance at the lower temperature of 800 degrees but actually doubles the power output.
The team reports that cells with the new, ultra-thin ceramic electrolyte generate two watts per square centimeter of cell surface area. This is double the record power for SOFCs. Additionally, during testing, the electrical output remains absolutely constant over 700 hours. While no guarantee that the cell can last the five to ten years necessary for commercial purposes, the test results are extremely promising.
Berkeley Lab's electrolyte, an yttria-stabilized zirconia film, starts out as a ceramic powder suspended in solution. Much like a latex paint, the solution is painted onto the anode (electrode) and then fired or sintered. The process readily lends itself to assembly line usage.
The research team says that though they always believed the approach had merit, success had been elusive.
The anode that is painted must be porous in order to allow for the flow of hydrogen. Paints want to fill and plug up these pores rather than to sit up on top of the porous anode. When the anode and ceramic coat are sintered, both shrink. Unless they shrink in unison, the ceramic cracks or pinholes form.
With concerted effort over the past three years, the researchers ultimately hit upon the right combination of ceramic powders and processing.
They modified the processing of both the anode and the electrolyte. And they found a materials match-up that will help push the fuel cell out of the laboratory and into the energy marketplace.
"Like many things," said Visco, "once you know how, it's a relatively simple process."
CAPTION: Materials Sciences researcher Steve Visco (left), holding a prototype of a new high-performance single fuel cell, with fellow researchers Lutgard De Jonghe and Selmar de Souza. De Souza is holding the fuel cell testing setup. Photo by Joe Moore
Nuclear scientists have learned a great deal about the properties of thousands of isotopes over the years, and both the list and the knowledge of their properties continues to grow. The standard reference for such nuclear science data is called the Table of Isotopes, a comprehensive database of nuclear structure and decay data for virtually every isotope known. John Wiley & Sons has just published the Table's eighth edition, edited by a team of scientists led by Richard Firestone at Berkeley Lab's Nuclear Science Division. Firestone is a member of the Division's Isotopes Project.
The 20-pound, two-volume eighth edition compiles information on 3,138 isotopes and isomers in about as many pages, and has twice as much data as the previous edition, which was published in 1978. "For the first time," says Firestone, "the Table includes a CD-ROM with the same information as the book, encoded in an Adobe Acrobat document--possibly the largest to date using this software--with 100,000 hypertext links." PCs, Macs and UNIX workstations can all read the CD-ROM, and this version contains a chart of the nuclides, a graphical index and separate indices organized for radioisotope users and nuclear structure physicists. The current document has burgeoned in size from a 70-page, pocket-sized first edition of the Table authored by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1940 and published by the journal Chemical Reviews.
Firestone co-edited the Table with Virginia Shirley, also of the Nuclear Science Division, who died shortly before the eighth edition's publication. Shirley had worked on three previous editions of the Table. The other members of the editing team are Coral M. Baglin, S.Y. Frank Chu and Jean Zipkin, all with the Division's Isotopes Project Group.
The five-year effort to put together a new edition of the Table began with the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF), a database maintained by the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. An international network of 15 data centers including Berkeley Lab contributes to this database, which compiles information from more than 140,000 published references. The Table cites about 24,000 of these. Firestone designed software to generate Postscript files of tables and drawings containing the numeric data. "However," he says, "a lot of human effort went into updating, proofreading and fact-checking the material's accuracy."
"The 14,000-page CD-ROM is designed to publish the material compactly in a form easily readable on a desktop computer," says Firestone. The tables are color-coded and rearranged for easier reading. Hyperlinks help users get to related information quickly, and users can clip and paste data into other documents. The CD-ROM contains complete reference titles and abstracts and the complete ENSDF database for use with other software such as VuENSDF, which is under development by the Isotopes Project. The Table also has an expanded set of appendices with information about different properties: chemical data, physical constants, standard calibration sources, atomic data, nuclear moments, and nuclear structure information of isotopes. "Some people get the books just for the appendices," says Firestone.
Nuclear and high-energy physicists and astronomers are not the only ones who use the Table. Biological and medical scientists in fields like health physics, nuclear medicine, radiochemistry and environmental engineering need radiation data as well. Until now, new editions of the Table have averaged about seven years between publications (18 years since the last one). But now, with the help of CD-ROM technology, the editorial team plans to publish an updated version every year.
More information about the Table of Isotopes is available at the following Web site: http://isotopes.lbl.gov/isotopes/toi.html
CAPTION: Richard Firestone (left) and S.Y. Frank Chu with the eighth edition of the Table of Isotopes, now available for the first time on CD-ROM. As knowledge of isotope properties has grown through the years, the volumes of the Table, arranged chronologically from right to left, have also expanded. The CD ROM holds 14,000 pages of material. Photo by Joe Moore
In a report on lessons learned from the termination of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), auditors for DOE's Inspector General point to sharp differences between the cost estimates of the project contractor and those of an independent estimator as a major cause behind the project's demise. The Universities Research Association, the DOE contractor in charge of the project, estimated the cost of building the SSC as $8.2 billion. An independent analysis put this cost at $11.8 billion. DOE relied on the lower estimate. The problem, said IG auditors, was that URA excluded such major project costs as the two mammoth detectors. This and other discrepancies made the SSC a ripe target for Congressional opponents. IG auditors also faulted DOE for failing to put in place a dependable cost and schedule control system without which DOE could not measure performance or rising costs against a baseline. The IG report recommended that future funding from all sources be secured at the start of a project. DOE counted on the state of Texas and foreign governments for contributions that never materialized. The report also criticized DOE for insufficient project oversight, a decision made by former Energy Secretary James Watkins.
Martha Krebs, head of the Office of Energy Research, and Donald Pearman, associate secretary for field management, agreed in a written response with many of the report's conclusions, but criticized it for not telling the whole story. Many of the cost increases were the result of stretched-out schedules caused by funding shortfalls. Vacillating Congressional support not only caused the project's completion date to slip from 1999 to 2002, it also discouraged potential foreign contributions. Watkins' decision to sidestep the customary oversight procedures also hampered DOE from taking the corrective actions that would normally have occurred. Krebs and Pearman said the most important lesson to be learned from the SSC disaster is that a "cooperative team spirit" between DOE and its contractors is crucial to getting the job done. Copies of the IG audit may be obtained by calling Wilma Slaughter at 202-586-1924.
NEW NAME FOR CEBAF:
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Newport News, Virginia, has been renamed. It will now be known as the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
WHAT ARE THE BARE NECESSITIES OF LIFE?
Last month at a major genome research gathering in Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., two groups presented the results of their studies into the question: How many genes does an organism need to survive? One group concluded that life on earth today can be sustained with only 250 genes. This represents an advance in complexity, they say, from the 128 genes needed to sustain Earth's earliest life forms. A second group, however, set the minimum number of required genes for a simple parasite at 800 and said that anything less than 100 would not suffice. The human genome is estimated to contain between 75,000 and 100,000 genes. Despite the differences, genetic researchers agree that science is at last beginning to get a handle on life's crucial genetic components.
The Berkeley Lab Calendar is published biweekly here on the World Wide Web and in Currents by the Public Information Department. Employees can list a meeting, class, or event in the Calendar by using this submission form. The deadline for submissions is 5 p.m. on Monday in the week that Currents is published.In addition to the events listed below, Berkeley Lab's Washington, D.C. Projects office is hosting a Science and Technology Seminars series.
Scientific Conferences
"The Promoting Effect of Nobel Metal Addition on Niobia-Supported
Cobalt Catalysts" will be presented by Martin Schmal of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at 1:30 p.m. in the Bldg. 66 Auditorium.
LIFE SCIENCES DIVISION SEMINAR
"Interactions of Prolactin and Growth Hormone in the Regulation of Mammary Cell Function" will be presented by David Flint of the Hannah Research Institute, Scotland, at 4 p.m. in Bldg. 66-316.
EMPLOYEE MUSIC CLUB
Classical Group Rehearsal, 5-7 p.m. in the cafeteria, for info. contact Wesley Steele at X7893.
Introduction to EH&S Safety at LBNL (EHS 010), 9:30 a.m.-noon, Bldg. 66 Auditorium.
Chemical Hygiene and Safety Training (EHS 348), 1-4 p.m., Bldg. 51-201.
LIBRARY DATABASE TRAINING
LBNL/MELVYL Catalogs Training at 3 p.m. in Bldg. 62-339.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT SEMINAR
"Real-World Emissions from Malfunctioning Passenger Cars" will be presented by Tom Wenzel of LBNL at 3:45 p.m. in Bldg. 90-4133; refreshments, 3:30 p.m.
PHYSICS DIVISION RESEARCH PROGRESS MEETING
"1995 LEP Energy Calibration" will be presented by Kin Yip of the University of Oxford at 4 p.m. in Bldg. 50A-5132; refreshments, 3:40 p.m.
In support of Gay Pride Month (June) Earnest Hite, Education Director of the AIDS Project of the East Bay, will be talking about AIDS awareness at noon in the Bldg. 50 Auditorium. The AIDS Project provides education and support services for those affected by HIV.
TOASTMASTERS'
General meeting at 12:10 p.m. in Bldg. 2-100, election of new officers.
EMPLOYEE MUSIC CLUB
Folk Group Rehearsal, 5:30-7:30 p.m. in the cafeteria, for info. contact Larry Bell at X5406.
Adult CPR (EHS 123), 9 a.m.-noon, Bldg. 48-109.
LIBRARY DATABASE TRAINING
LBNL/MELVYL Catalogs Training at 11 a.m. in Bldg. 50-134.
BUILDING ENERGY SEMINAR
"Decisions, Decisions.... Can Computers Make a Difference? The Building Design Advisor" will be presented by Konstantinos Papamichael of LBNL at noon in Bldg. 90-3148.
COMPUTIONAL BIOLOGY SEMINAR
"Distributed Knowledge Systems for the Life Sciences and Living Knowledge Systems for Distributed Sciences" will be presented by Joseph Deken of UCSD at noon in Bldg. 50B-6208.
GAY PRIDE MONTH ACTIVITY
The video "Right to Marry" will be shown at noon in Bldg. 51-201.
PHYSICS DIVISION RESEARCH PROGRESS MEETING
"B Semileptonic Decay Problem - New Results From CLEO" will be presented by Youngjoon Kwon of CLEO at 4 p.m. in Bldg. 50A-5131; refreshments, 3:40 p.m.
EMPLOYEE MUSIC CLUB
Rock Group Rehearsal, 5:30-7:30 p.m. in the cafeteria, for info. contact Steve Blair at X5927.
"Interaction of Relativistic Electrons with Ultrahigh Intensity Photon Fields" will be presented by Fred Hartemann of UCD at 10:30 a.m. in the Bldg. 71 conference room.
7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. near Bldg. 77.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT SEMINAR
"Germany's Future Energy Policy - Potential Scope and Areas of Action for Rational Energy Use and Renewable Energies" will be presented by Ole Langniss of the Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, Stuttgart, Germany, at 3:45 p.m. in Bldg. 90-3148; refreshments, 3:30 p.m.
EMPLOYEE MUSIC CLUB
Classical Group Rehearsal, 5-7 p.m. in the cafeteria, for info. contact Wesley Steele at X7893.
Current Contents Training at 11 a.m. in Bldg. 50-134
LIFE SCIENCES DIVISION SEMINAR
"Transcriptional Control of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes" will be presented by Stephen Farmer of the Boston University School of Medicine at 4 p.m. in the Bldg. 66 Auditorium.
Building Emergency Team Training (EHS 154), 9-11:30 a.m., Bldg. 48-109.
EMPLOYEE MUSIC CLUB
Folk Group Rehearsal, 5:30-7:30 p.m. in the cafeteria, for info. contact Larry Bell at X5406.
"High Efficiency Green and Blue Light Emitting Diodes" will be presented by Joel Ager of LBNL at noon in Bldg. 90-3148.
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMINAR
"Micro-Scale Redox-Dependent Segregation of Selenium in Sediments" will be presented by Tetsu Tokunaga of LBNL at noon in Bldg. 50A-5132.
GAY PRIDE MONTH ACTIVITY
"Being Gay in Business and Politics in Berkeley" will be presented by Jeffrey Shattuck Leiter at noon in the Bldg. 50 Auditorium. Leiter is a former Mayor of Berkeley and now serves as the Chairman and C.E.O. of M.K. Blake Estate. He is also a co-founder of the Berkeley Community Fund.
LIBRARY DATABASE TRAINING
Current Contents Training at 3 p.m. in Bldg. 62-339.
EMPLOYEE MUSIC CLUB
Rock Group Rehearsal, 5:30-7:30 p.m. in the cafeteria, for info. contact Steve Blair at X5927.
Please contact Jhane Beck, X4622, for more information.
AUTOS/SUPPLIES
'73 DODGE van, 1/2 ton, a/t, p/s, p/b, reblt eng., white/blue top, $1500/b.o. 558-9212
'82 HONDA Accord, 4-dr, silver, 5-spd, AM/FM cass., a/c, p/s, p/b, cc, 125K mi., extremely clean, meticulously maintained, Michelin tires, all records, new upholstery, clutch, timing belt, alternator, water pump, valves, no leaks, orig. paint in great cond., blue book $3875, $2899/b.o. Werner, X4549, 849-9766
'86 PLYMOUTH Colt DL, 3-dr hatchbk, a/c, a/t, p/s, AM/FM stereo, 67K mi., 30-33 mpg, runs great, $2500/b.o. X4788
'92 ACURA Integra LS, 38K mi., 3-dr, 5-spd, red, pwr windows, sunrf & mirrors, cruise control, AM/FM stereo cass., $11.5K/b.o. 848-6821
CAR/VANPOOL
CARPOOL, short term ride (until 7/5) from SF to Berkeley/LBNL and/or back to SF. Ricky, X6972, (415) 923-0538 (eve.)
VANPOOL, rider wanted, from Larkspur to LBNL/UCB. Nobu, X4585
MISCELLANEOUS
APPLE POWERBOOK 170, 4MB RAM 40 hard drive, Global Village Teleport Gold, carrying case, word-processing, Microsft Works, address book & calendar installed, $900/b.o. Dan or Cindy, (415) 648-8250
ARMOIRE, Pulaski reproduction, solid oak, 4' x 6', beautiful cond., $435; bike, men's 10-spd, Nishiki Royale, exc. cond., $75; washer/dryer, Kenmore washer, heavy duty, Whirlpool dryer, lg. cap., both elec., great cond., avail. 6/30, $350/pr. 778-7133
ARMOIRE, rough, $35; queen sz. futon mattress, $30. 204-9685
BOOKSHELF, 27"x69", white w/birch trim, $20; futon, 60" wide, rose cover, $15; futon frame, sofa-style, queen sz., light wood, needs some repair, $20/b.o.; black plastic staking CD (4) & cass. (2) racks, like new, $5 ea. David, X6171
BOAT, '93 Sea Ray, w/carrier, 23' 10", spacious 240 over-nighter, slps 4-5, cabin, V-berth which converts to a sleeper, wet bar & transom shower, ice box, running water, pump-out head, AM/FM stereo tape deck, storage, ski tow, swim ladder, removable canvas top, 70 gal. fuel cap., 8 gal. water cap., very low mi., $34K. Carl or Barbara, 436-7307 (eve.)
CAMERA BODY, under warranty, Canon Elan, auto focus, 35mm, Canon F1.8 50mm lens, both in exc. cond., $350. 841-6285
COLOR TV, GE, 19", 8 mo. old, like new, stereo, cable ready, remote control, moving, must sell, $200. X4464, 549-9907
DINING SET, 4 chairs & 48" octagonal table, Mediterranean wrought iron, great cond., $125; 2-person tent, never-used, external frame, still in box, $35; older 2-person tent, $10. 845-3562
FUTON, dbl, unfinished wood frame, incl. mattress cover, must go, $75/b.o. Josh, X4584
FUTON, incl. frame & cover, twin sz., $70; carpet & upholstery steamer, Bissell, $25. Fred or Nancy, 222-7788
FUTON, queen sz., black wooden frame, cover incl., must go, $100/b.o.; microwave, works fine, moving, must go, $25/b.o. Aindrea, X5946, 655-9989
GARAGE SALE, all-block, Sat., 6/15, 10 a.m.-2 p.m., 1800 block of San Lorenzo Ave., Berkeley
HIKING BOOTS, Merrell Challenge GTX, men's sz. 13, Gore Tex lining, air cushion sole, used once, $50. Ernesto, 643-8843
MOVING SALE, lamp from House of Lamps, brand new, $40; coffee table, brand new, $30; futon & frame, incl. 2 sm. pillows, brand new, $200; 6-drwr dresser & matching mirror, $50/b.o.; Hoover vacuum, $50. 848-9071
REEL-TO-REEL TAPE DECK, TEAC 4010SL, in working cond., w/tapes, $100. Chris, X5385
STEREO RECEIVER, Kenwood (KR-V87R), 80 watts/channel, surround sound, 7-band graphic equalizer w/remote, $100; VCR, Sharp (VC-A514U) mid-drive, 4-head, $100. Ravi, X6020
TELEVISION, 20" RCA w/remote, 1992 model, $150. Steve, X6966
WASHER, Maytag, heavy duty, lg. cap., white, exc. cond., $150; dryer, Whirlpool, Estate Series, 3-cycle, 5 temps., custom dry control, heavy duty, gd cond., $150. Swapan, X7217, 528-5325
YARD SALE, solid maple crib and/or 3-drwr dresser; Fisher Price high chair
& baby gate; Grecko pack & play pen; booster seat; infant clothes &
some toys; misc., 1496 Sonoma Ave., Albany, 6/15,
9 a.m.-noon. 528-4132
HOUSING
BERKELEY, nr city hall, BART & LBNL shuttle, 2-bdrm upper flat, lg. kitchen, freshly painted, deck w/view, 1 yr. lease, $1200/mo. 540-8421
BERKELEY, nr Oxford/Cedar, summer leases, furn. 1-bdrm apts, avail. 7/1-31 & 7/15 - 8/31, $785/mo.; 2-bdrm apt, avail. 7/1-31, $1200/mo. ($350/wk). 524-8122
BERKELEY, nr Oxford/Cedar, 1 yr. lease, furn. studio, avail. 9/1, $650/mo.; furn. 1-bdrm apts, $775-$835/mo.; furn. 2-bdrm, 2-bth apt, start in July & Aug., $1200/mo. 524-8122
BERKELEY HILLS, 5-bdrm house, walk to Lab & LHS, avail. 7/21 - 8/19, $1500. 704-0538
NO. BERKELEY, in-law apt, pvt. entrance, deck, nr public trans. & Solano shopping, non-smoker, avail. early July, $485/mo. incl. util. J. Klems, 528-9522
EL CERRITO HILLS, nr Kensington, 3-bdrm, 2-bth home, bay view, sauna, frpl, hardwd flrs, piano, deck, remodeled kitchen w/skylights, palm & fruit trees, min. 1 yr. lease, avail. 8/1, $1500/mo. w/gardener. 528-1614
MARTINEZ, 2-bdrm, 2-1/2 bth townhouse, 2-car garage w/opener, frpl, refrig., dishwasher, washer & dryer, patio, low maintenance, pool, tennis cts., no pets, ~30 min. from LBNL, avail. 7/1, $900/mo. + sec. 620-0129
OAKLAND HILLS, sunny rm in 5-bdrm villa, pvt. bth, bay view, hdwd, 2 marble frpl, 3 blks to Rockridge BART, W/D, NS, $500/mo. + util. David, X6082, 595-0737
WANTED: furn. 1-bdrm/studio/rm in house, Berkeley/Albany/Rockridge, for visiting scientist, 7/5 - 8/10, $400-$600 rent, willing to house-sit. Ricky, X6972, (415) 923-0538 (eve.)
WANTED: short term housing for German LBNL/ALS post-doc w/spouse, Aug. only. Winni, (+49)30 6879816, decking@bii.bessy.de
WANTED: 2-3 bdrm apt/house to rent for visiting scholar from Japan, for 1 yr. from Aug., $1K - $1.5K/mo. X6759
WANTED: 3-bdrm house in Orinda/Moraga/Lafayette general area, from end of Aug. for 1 yr., for visiting scientist from Korea, wife & 2 children (6th & 8th grades), prefer furn. Bertha/Madeleine, 642-9345
WANTED: 1-bdrm, cottage, apt or share, furn./unfurn., for LBNL employee, 7/1 or earlier. Steven, X6966, 204-9494
REAL ESTATE
BERKELEY, 2-bdrm house, lg. yd, $189K. 527-2068
EL SOBRANTE, 2-bdrm, 1-1/2 bth townhouse, 2-car garage, 1234 sq. ft., asking $117K. Fred or Nancy, 222-7788
VACATION
HIGH SIERRAS, 4-bdrm cabin, washer, dryer, deck, frpl, hiking, fishing, swimming, canoeing, 4 hr. from Berkeley, 1 hr. from Truckee, on Hwy. 49, for people who will take gd care of our vacation home, wk/wkends. Jane, 849-4096
MENDOCINO COUNTY, 2-bdrm, 2-bth country home on Greenwood Ridge nr Elk, set on 24 acres of redwood forest, panoramic views overlooking the Anderson Valley. Rose, 849-1726
FOR FREE
CATS (2), females, both spayed & shots up-to-date, gray tabby, approx. 3 yr. old, "Bouncer"; brown/gray tabby, approx. 2 yr. old, very petite, "Ashes", both are indoors/outdoors, very loving & affectionate, were raised w/children, owners moving, need to find a gd home. 778-7133
CUSHIONS that make into dbl bed, gray; TV table; chest of drawers, sm., painted. 845-3562
Published once a month by the Communications Department for the employees and retirees of Berkeley Lab.
Reid Edwards, Public Affairs Department head
Ron Kolb, Communications Department headEDITOR
Pamela Patterson, 486-4045, pjpatterson@lbl.gov
Associate editor
Lyn Hunter, 486-4698, lhunter@lbl.govSTAFF WRITERS
Dan Krotz, 486-4019
Paul Preuss, 486-6249
Lynn Yarris, 486-5375CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
Ucilia Wang, 495-2402
Allan Chen, 486-4210
David Gilbert, (925) 296-5643DESIGN
Caitlin Youngquist, 486-4020
Creative Services OfficeBerkeley Lab
Communications Department
MS 65, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley CA 94720
(510) 486-5771
Fax: (510) 486-6641Berkeley Lab is managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Flea Market is now online at www.lbl.gov/fleamarket
