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 As
future silicon-based microelectronic systems continue to be reduced in
size, ultimately down to nanometer scale, the atoms with which silicon
must be doped will eventually begin to move about. The results will
be poor and uneven performances. Nanoscale sizes should not pose a
problem for devices based on single large molecules of carbon because the
atoms in these molecules are covalently bonded and firmly locked in place.
Now, Berkeley
scientists have fashioned the first transistors from a molecule of carbon.
 Recent evidence shows that the universe is expanding at an
accelerating rate. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that an
unidentified form of energy is the cause of the accelerating expansion.
This "dark energy" has been deemed perhaps "the most
fundamentally mysterious thing in basic science." Light from
distant exploding stars carries telltale clues that can resolve this
enigma. Scientists propose to launch a satellite named SNAP on a mission to discover the
nature of the dark energy.
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